Monday, January 27, 2020
A Soldier Always At War English Literature Essay
A Soldier Always At War English Literature Essay Many war veterans have a hard time adjusting to life after war. What happened in the war is always on their mind. What they went through was so tragic that they cannot forget about what happened. Krebs in Earnest Hemingways Soldiers Home is struggling to adapt to normal life after coming home from World War I. He is not the same person he was before the war, I dont love anybody (169). His view on the world is different. He even sees women in a different way than he did before, Besides he did not really need a girl. The army had taught him that (166). Krebs came home from the war later than most of the other soldiers. People in his hometown do not have the patients to listen to his war stories. He may feel that people do not understand what he went through His town had heard too many atrocity stories to be thrilled by actualities (165). It also may make him feel like he is different than everyone else. Since no one wants to hear about his stores, and he does not want to take any conse quences of living in a civilized manner, he can never move on in his life from the war. The saying you cant go home again relates to Krebs because the war is always on his mind and he cannot escape it. Hemmingway makes a clear distinction in the story between the two names that Krebs goes by. His family still calls him Harold; the text refers to him by Krebs. Before the war, Krebs is known as Harold. Harold was an innocent boy. His life was simple. He did not have much experience of the world. He had enlisted to the war from a Methodist college. He enlisted to the Marines most likely because many of his friends enlisted. Like many whom enlisted during the time, he had not had any experience in the battlefield. The death of his friends, and fellow people that he knew was tragic. The death he saw from the war scarred him. His family always knows him as Harold I had a talk with your father last night, Harold (167). After the war though, Krebs left behind a part of himself back in Europe. He never talks about how bad the battles were. He was in some of the bloodiest battles in the war. He never talks about them because he does not want to relive them. The battles changed him because he saw so much death. He is no longer Harold. The war had such an impact on him that he turned into a completely different person. No one recognizes this new person. Other than the change of names the war changed Krebss view on women. In Europe it was all about the sex. He does not want a relationship with a woman in his own town because relationships are complicated, and he does not want to take any risks and lose anything else. Krebs did not have to communicated much with the French or German girls, But he would not go through all the talking (167). Having a relationship is too much work for Krebs. All he cares about it the sex, You couldnt talk much and you did not need to talk (167). Doing all the work to get a girl is too much work. Krebs just returned home and is not used to the women. At Germany he did not have to do much to get attention from them There is a picture which shows him on the Rhine with two German girls and another corporal. Krebs and the corporal look too big for their uniforms. The German girls are not beautiful (165). The only way that he could have a relationship is to more on from what happened from the war, but he is ha ving too much of a hard time. Krebss family knows that he needs to move on from the war. They try to encourage him to drive the family car. They likely do this so that Krebs can have more freedom. They may think that letting him have the ability to drive the family car will make him want to do other things like getting a job or going back to school He thinks you have lost your ambitions, that you havent got a definite aim in life (169). Krebs says he loves no one, because he does not want to take any consequences. They wanted him to get a job but, Krebs does not want to do it. His mother is probably the most desperate person to want him to move on. She prayed for him to try to give him some hope, but Krebs does not think much of it. He does not want to do what his mother and father ask him to do, because he wants to live a simple life. He no long has any ambition like his father predicts. He lost that during the war. He sees his sister play baseball because she is much like he wants to be. Young, innocent, and si mple. That is what Krebs wants to be after the war. Krebs may never go back to who he once was. He has to move on from the war to be able to achieve anything in his life. He is always remembering what happened in the war. He wishes he was back in Germany sometimes. He also needs to tell people about his stories without lying about it. Before he left the war, he fit in well with his hometown. Now he is an outcast to everyone. He will not take any chances in life anymore. He saw too many people die in the war from taking chances. The saying you cant go home again may live with Krebs his entire life. His views may never change. He may never move on. His family still knows his as Harold, but he will remain to be Krebs as long as he decides.
Saturday, January 18, 2020
Game Development Essay
Once upon a time, the peaceful Kingdom of Greenland was invaded by the unexplained monster ruled by a tyrannous Garviod who was famous for his black magic. The beautiful Kingdom fell into ruin and despair. The inhabitants become an unexplainable creature. Some are became plants, trees, animals and those who are unkind to the nature became stones, garbage and monsters. Unfortunately, one of the inhabitants that have been transformed by a black magic was the old Prophet living in a cage and he became an old Tree. According to his prophecy, there will be a simple gardener who will have the power to fight the monsters in the Kingdom. The old prophet Tree traveled to find the man on his prophecy. As he traveled, he found Seedy. Humble and loving nature gardener who was transform to a seed. The old Tree gives him a map to find the treasure of X-lost. Then he said, ââ¬Å"That the only way to break the evil spell and return the inhabitants of Greenland into normal was the magical light hidden in the treasure of X-lost.â⬠But the ruling monsters Garviod heard about the magical treasure of X-lost and he keeps the treasure in one if his castle. Seedy humbly vowed to rescue the Kingdom and he started his journey to find the treasure of X-lost in the Castle of Garviod. Could Seedy overcome the many obstacles facing him and became a true hero? Letââ¬â¢s find it in the ââ¬Å"Adventure of Seedyâ⬠. 1.2 Statement of the Problem The following problems were identified: 1. In many computer games, others kids are rewarded for being more violent. The child practicing violence in his own like killing, stabbing and shooting. 2. Some computer games are teaching kids a wrong values. 3. Some of games are simply for entertainment. 1.3Objectives The aims of the study are: 1. To development a game that would not portray violence. Rather than using a objects that represents violence, the proponent will design an object that are simple yet related to the environment. 2. To design a game that will teach the kids/user the value of environment. 3. To develop a game that makes learning fun not only to entertain. The items, weapons and object in the game are design next to the concept of environment.
Friday, January 10, 2020
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The managerial grid model (1964), developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton, is a behavioral leadership model. The model is an excellent way to map out different leadership styles, and an excellent way to evaluate the leadership performed by leaders and managers. This model identifies five different leadership styles based on theà concern for peopleà and theconcern for production. It is important to remember that none of the concerns are right or wrong, and the concerns are ideally balanced to the respective situational context of leadership. The model is graphically illustrated at the end of the article. Concern for Peopleà relates to the degree to which a leader considers needs of employees and team members before deciding how to accomplish a task. A high degree of concern could be coupled to a more democratic leadership style, whereas a low concern for people could be coupled to an autocratic leadership style. * Concern for Productionà relates to the degree to which a lead er emphasizes production effectiveness and efficiency when deciding how best to accomplish tasks. By charting the position in the grid it is possible to diagnose which leadership style is being performed, and to evaluate the appropriateness of the style of leadership.The five different leadership styles found in the managerial grid are presented below: Country Club Leadership ââ¬â High Concern for People/Low Concern for Productionà A country club leader is mostly concerned about the needs and feelings of his/her employees or team members. This leader probably supposes that members of the organization will work hard if the feel happy and secure. However, production may suffer under this leadership style, and the effectiveness of the organization may suffer due to a lack of direct supervision and control.Produce or Perish Leadership ââ¬â High Concern for Production/Low Concern for Peopleà A produce or perish leader is very concerned about production effectiveness, and pr obably sees workers as means to achieve great results. This leader also sees workforce needs as secondary to the need of a productive and efficient workplace. He/She might have very strict and autocratic work rules, and perhaps views punishment as the best motivational force. Impoverished Leadership ââ¬â Low Concern for Production/ Low Concern for Peopleà This leader is very ineffective.The leader has neither a high regard for creating efficient systems or rules to structure work processes, nor for creating a motivated or satisfied work environment. The result of this leadership style could be a highly disorganized workplace with low satisfaction and motivation. Middle of the Road Leadership ââ¬â Medium Concern for Production/Medium Concern for Peopleà This style tries to balance the two competing concerns. It tries to compromise different needs, and may seem as a great solution. However, when compromising, leaders risk that neither the concern for people nor the conce rn for production is fully met.This may lead to average performance, where top results may not be achieved. Workers may end up moderately motivated and satisfied, and production may only become moderately effective. Team Leadership ââ¬â High Concern for Production/High Concern for Peopleà According to the Blake Mouton model, this is the best and most effective leadership style. These leaders both stress the importance of workforce needs and production needs. This leader manages to engulf workers into the importance of production efficiency, and manages to motivate employees.This creates an atmosphere of team spirit, where each team member is highly motivated and satisfied, which commits the worker to work hard and increase productivity. Use of the managerial grid Firstly, leaders should plot their own style into the managerial grid, and diagnose which leadership style they are conducting. Secondly, leaders can evaluate their leadership style, and assess if they could improve their leadership style in some way. Thirdly, leaders should put their leadership style into the respective situational context, and try to balance their leadership style to the needs found in the organization.The team leadership style may not be best in all situations, and some situations, like e. g. and economic crisis, might call for an entirely different style like e. g. a produce or perish leadership style. Leaders must therefore analyze which leadership style is called for, and afterwards analyze whether or not they conduct the most appropriate style. This analysis is therefore based on the different contingencies facing an organization, and leaders may use the knowledge fromContingency Theoryà or theà PESTEL Frameworkà to analyze which leadership styles are most appropriate for the viability of the organization.
Thursday, January 2, 2020
The Themes of Law and Order in Oresteia - 823 Words
The Themes of the Oresteia The play termed the Oresteia is actually a trilogy that is built around the family of Agamemnon. Traditionally, one of the primary themes of the three plays is a movement from a traditional belief in revenge for wrongs to one of justice and the rule of law. The purpose of this paper is to discuss all three of the plays and look at how justice is conceived in each. Agamemnon The first play, Agamemnon, tells about the return of the King from the Trojan wars and how his wife has chosen to react to the reunion. Clytemnestra is the queen who was angered by the fact that Agamemnon was away for a decade and that the King sacrificed their daughter Iphigenia to one of the gods. In one part of the play, the Chorus of Elders chants Zeus who hath paved a way for human thought, by ordaining this firm law He who learns, suffers (Aeschylus, trans. 1893, 1.176-179) which speaks to the law that was formed by the words. The people of Greece followed the law that a person who commits a crime, whether that be a recognized law or one that the punisher deemed appropriate, is subject to some form of punishment. In Agamemnons case, Clytemnestra believed that his actions justified his death. She did not believe that it was murder because his actions justified her actions. She is advised against injuring the King and also believes that since he has returned from the Troy with a concubine, Cassandra, that Cassandra must be killed also. The play ends withShow MoreRelatedAeschylus Oresteia and Prometheus Bound: Hubris and the Chorus1666 Words à |à 7 Pageswhich could be either based on a common theme or unrelated, and one comedy. However, relatively few of these ancient Greek plays survive today. Known as the father of tragedy, Aeschylus introduced a second actor on stage, allowing for action and interaction to take place and establishing a caste of professional actors (Bloom, 45). He let the chorus converse with the characters, introduced elaborate costumes and stage designs. Two of Aeschylus plays, Oresteia and Prometheus Bound, illustrate theRead MoreThe Oresteia By Sophocles, The Libation Bearers, And The Eumenides1276 Words à |à 6 PagesAeschylus Writing Assignment ââ¬Å"The Oresteiaâ⬠written by the ancient Greek playwright Aeschylus, who showed three events of the play Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, and The Eumenides. The three plays were performed at the annual Dionysia festival in Athens in 458 BCE. The play highlighted different types of themes but the most important one is the theme of justice and injustice. Both themes were seen in different parts of the play where even the gods played a role in determining the justice andRead MoreThe Significance of Animal Symbolism and its Effect on Gender Role1699 Words à |à 7 Pagesmetaphor or simile which better visualizes the authors true meaning. Lions have many different personality traits which make them extremely diverse creatures. This also promotes various applications to characters in literary works. In two works, the Oresteia by Aeschylus and Euripides Bacchae, we see a continuing line of examples of lion imagery. Alongside this literary aspect, the analysis of characters g ender roles is possible. When observing these two concepts both individually and in conjunctionRead MoreEssay about Eumenides - Importance of Gender in Aeschylus Oresteia3670 Words à |à 15 PagesThe Importance of Gender in Aeschylus Oresteia à à à à à à à Gender is made explicit as a theme throughout the Oresteia through a series of male-female conflicts and incorrectly gendered characters dominated by the figure of Clytemnestra, a woman out of place. This opposition of gender then engenders all the other oppositions of the trilogy; conflicts of oikos and polis, chthonic and Olympian, old and young can be assigned to female and male spheres respectively. à In this essay I will look at howRead MoreThe Gods Of Greek And Roman Mythology Essay1940 Words à |à 8 Pageslovers or test the faithful. In ancient Greece anyone could be a god in disguise. They could come to you disguised as your family members, neighbors, or strangers that you meet. In Greek mythology there are numerous stories that revolve around the theme of a god comes disguised and not getting the respect they are due. The human that doesnââ¬â¢t respect the god is almost assuredly punished in a brutal way. Unsurprisingly, in ancient Greece everyone should be shown respect as they may be a god in disguiseRead MoreThe Role Of Women In Oresteia1627 Words à |à 7 PagesIn Aeschylusââ¬â¢s trilogy, Oresteia, the tragic manifesto paints a bloody chain of murder, adultery, betrayal, and kinslaying, in which DIKE (justice) and the relation of women to social and family structure serve as central themes. The Greeks were a misogynistic culture, in which women were relegated to an inferior status in society. Women were only given a limited voice because the family was the sovereign unit of society. The rule of justice stood for patriarchy. Cassandraââ¬â¢s importan ce is merelyRead MoreAristotle s The Tragic Hero1561 Words à |à 7 Pagesmanner. Aristotleââ¬â¢s statement that ââ¬Å"It (tragic hero) must be good.â⬠is not very definitive. ââ¬Å"Goodâ⬠is a subjective term. All characters have different point of views and their interpretation of the term ââ¬Å"goodâ⬠varies accordingly. For example in The Oresteia, Clytaemnestra and Orestes are both tragic heroes, and yet their understanding of ââ¬Å"goodâ⬠conflicts each other. In Agamemnon, Clytaemnestra murders her husband, who is also the father of Orestes. In doing so, she justifies herself saying ââ¬Å"By the childââ¬â¢sRead More Authors Conceptions of Human Nature Essay3901 Words à |à 16 Pageslike justice, equity, and law. Human nature must also be carefully studied in an effort to understand, obtain, or maintain power within society. Finally, human nature must also be carefully understood so as to protect it from being manipulated and to understand its place in society. In ancient Greece, Aeschylus sought to define for the people of Athens the part of human nature that necessitates justice and power. At the end of his series of plays in the Oresteia, Aeschylus tells the storyRead MoreKinship and Politics1504 Words à |à 7 Pagesprogress from the revenge between the bloods to the set up of the civil court. It illustrates us the foundation of establishment of orders for Greek peopleââ¬â¢s new life by showing the fight between the old gods and the new godsââ¬â¢ attitudes towards the murder case of Clytaemestra, with the arguments which mainly focus on kinship and then the civilization. The central theme of this play is the interests and conflicts which were shown during the long debate and words fight between opposites, and the reconciliationRead MoreAnalyse the Dramatic Uses of the Chorus in Greek Tragedy; in What Ways Do Traces of the Choric Function Occur in Twentieth-Century Drama?3335 Words à |à 14 Pagesand heightening the spectacle of the performance . The Chorus are often also considered as the Ãâideal audience for a play, in that their reactions to the action on stage reflect the way the playwright hopes the audience might react. Within The Oresteia Aeschylus Chorus play a variety of roles. Aeschylus was the first Greek poet to diminish the role of the Chorus by introducing more than one principal actor. Before Aeschylus, the Chorus were the main focus of the play, and interacted predominantly
Wednesday, December 25, 2019
Why Do Many Students Not Advance - 950 Words
Only 65.9% of high school graduates continue on to college. (Floyd N.) Why do so many students not advance? Among the multitude of reasons there are for these individuals, the most popular reason seems to be because of the cost. A study done by the National School Boards Association s (NSBA) Center for Public Education shows that 23% of the students who do not go to college are not going because of financial problems. ââ¬Å"Low-income students face barriers to college success at every stage of the education pipeline, from elementary school through post-secondary education, sometimes in spite of their academic achievements,â⬠a White House report stated. (Erin L.) So why, in a country that prides itself in promoting freedom and education, areâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It only puts students in huge debt after they leave. If government financially supported people in public colleges and made it free for students, then private colleges would thereby lower their costs in order t o compete with the now-affordable choice. With more people getting the opportunity to go and not having to worry about financial instability or debt, it will help in creating a more educated future society. Since college graduates make more money in their jobs and are not as often unemployed, they do not delve into the public purse as frequently and they pay more taxes. Although there are plenty of people that would greatly benefit from it if they did not have to pay for university tuition, there is the missing factor of the people that would take advantage of it. When people buy things for themselves, they tend to treat them more precious and valuable. When things are simply handed to them, sometimes they tend to take it for granted and do not treat it the same. So we must ask ourselves: What about the people that will go for the free college experience and then end up dropping out and wasting a portion of the governmentââ¬â¢s money that funded their time there? Compare it to the abundance of people that are taking it seriously by taking the opportunity and running with it, and it is worth it. If a student really does not take it seriously, then they probably will not
Monday, December 9, 2019
Mozart Argumentative Essay Example For Students
Mozart Argumentative Essay The classical period produced more instrumental than vocal music, a wealth ofserious and comic operas as well as vocal religious music also appeared duringthis time(Ferris, 231). One of the best composer of this time was WolfgangAmadeus Mozart. In this paper I will go through his childhood, his friends andfamily, and of course his music. Enjoy!!! Child of the Enlightenment The worldthat Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart entered ceremoniously in 1756 was brimming inchange. Historians refer to this era as the Age of Enlightenment, one ofunparalleled scientific, philosophical, and political ferment. Within Mozartslifetime it set in motion forces that would fundamentally alter life not only inhis native, Salzburg, but also around the globe. The Enlightenment was not, tobe sure, a democratic movement. In France, the absolutism of the Sun King, LouisXIV, continued under Louis XV and XVI. But in Austria, Empress Maria Theresaintroduced a greater measure of tolerance and freedom among her subjects, la yinga foundation for the democratic revolutions that followed. Wolfgangs fatherLeopold came from a family of Augsburg bookbinders. He received a solid Jesuiteducation, more intellectual than evangelical after a year at the BenedictineUniversity in nearby Salzburg; Leopold stopped attending classes to pursue acareer as a musician. Leopold figured as Mozarts most important firstmodel. He taught his son the clavier and composition(Mercardo 763). Wolfgangs mother Anna-Maria brought as much talent to her 32-year marriage asdid Leopold. Though deprived of a formal education, she was highly intelligentand quick-witted qualities that attracted the sober and reserved Leopold. Only two of their seven children survived infancy. Wolfgangs musicallytalented sister Nannerl was five years older. Yet in this painting, the 12-year-old looks like a spinster of seventycomplete with budding double chin. Wolfgang, too, looks far older than his 7 years, and controls the action fromhis place at its center. The Child Prodigy Indeed, Mozart marks the beginning ofthe Western fascination with the child prodigy. Dressed in the festive outfitgiven Wolfgang in 1762 by the Empress Maria Theresa, this boy of not quite sevenyears old looks, for all the world, like a miniature adult who has simplyskipped childhood. Mozart was keenly aware of his exceptional ability, whichhad been fostered and rutted in him by his father from a very earlyage(Schroter). Other nineteenth-century artists representedWolfgangvariously said to be anywhere from 11 to 14 as a curly-locked angel. For them, how else could the divine music that poured out of a child-size bodybe explained? The idealization of Mozarts genius was complete by the end ofthe nineteenth century. Mozart composes with his violin in one hand and musichas appeared miraculously on his stand in the other. The message isunmistakable: Mortals use quills, Mozart simply wills(Solomon) On the RoadThe temptation to take his two prodigies on the road proved irresistible toLeopold, who assumed sole responsibility for Mozarts education. Between 1762and 1766, the Mozarts appeared at almost every major court in Europe. Wolfgangdazzled audiences with his ability to read difficult music at sight and toimprovise. In London, as elsewhere, the Mozarts hobnobbed with the leadingmusicians. Probably the most important of these was Johann Christian Bach, theyoungest son of Johann Sebastian. It is no accident that Mozarts earlysymphonies, composed in London, are often stylistically indistinguishable fromthose of J. C. Bach. Whe n Mozart was 13, his prowess as a keyboard player,violinist, improviser, and composer were already legendary. When Mozart was21 he wrote Paris Symphony, N31 while he was in Paris looking for a musicposition. He was thoroughly disenchanted with the French and theirmusic(Internet). From 1768 to 1775, between stays in Salzburg, he and Leopoldmade three further forays to Italy and Germany. Wolfgang evolved from a prodigyinto a serious composer. Public Successes A self-confident Mozart assured hisfather in 1782 that he would be able to support a wife and family in Vienna, Asa result which he called Clavierland. Of its earlier devastation, thedominant architectural style in Vienna is Baroque, aided in the 1700s by aninflux of Italian sculptors, stucco workers, and painters. The dominantarchitect and architectural historian was Italian-trained Johann Fischer vonErlach(1656-1723), whose densely decorated structures still stand out today. Free Romeo and Juliets - Tragic Hero Romeo J EssayPiano Concerto: One of the public forms of instrumental music cultivated byMozart in Vienna. Mozart can, for all practical purposes, be credited with theinvention of the Classical piano concerto. Antonio Salieri: Italian composer(1750-1825) who spent most of his career in Vienna and became one of its mostinfluential musicians. So fond was the emperor, Joseph II, of Salieri that hebecame known as the musical pope. Salieri was first and foremost an operacomposer, though a considerably less innovative one than Mozart. Both Ludwig vanBeethoven and Franz Schubert studied with Salieri. Joseph Haydn: Austriancomposer (1732-1809) whose eighteenth-century fame eclipsed that of Mozart. Unlike Mozart, Haydn was a relatively late bloomer, composing most of hisimportant music after the age of 35 (at which age Mozart was dead). Haydn playeda seminal role in the development of the symphony and the string quartet. Hisfriendship with Mozart from ca. 1781 on was crucial to the musical developmentof both composers. Summary: The world that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart enteredunceremoniously in 1756 was awash in change. Historians refer to this era as theAge of Enlightenment. Indeed, Mozart marks the beginning of the Westernfascination with the child prodigy. The idealization of Mozarts genius wascomplete by the end of the nineteenth century. Between 1762 and 1766, theMozarts appeared at almost every major court in Europe. Wolfgang dazzledaudiences with his ability to read difficult music at sight and to improviseFour of his operasThe Abduction from the Seraglio(1782), The Marriage ofFigaro(1786), Don Giovanni(1787), and Cos fan tutte(1790) were premiered orperformed in the presti gious Burgtheater. Then Mozart met Haydn; we do not knowthe occasion on which Mozart first encountered Joseph Haydn. In Haydn, he notonly found a composer whose achievements were on a level with his own, but awarm and sympathetic friend in whom he could confide. In the autumn of 1791,Mozarts health became progressively worse. He died on December 5, 1791, andwas buried in a paupers grave. Biographies
Sunday, December 1, 2019
Native American Gender Roles free essay sample
Native American Gender Roles The woman was always kept busy in the camp. Responsible for making the family home, caring for that home, preparing food, making their clothing and so many other responsibilities. The woman is often referred to as a slave to her husband(Crow Dog, 2001). Whereas the man was often portrayed as sitting in the tepee, while the woman catered his every need. But, in truth, a Native Indian Man and Woman shared responsibilities equally. They shared the responsibilities of life, being partners along the same journey. The Native American woman worked as hard as her partner in the journey of life. Native Americans established their relationships from being a descendent from a common ancestor, or through a clan system. The Cheyenne Tribe also traced their ancestry through the womans linage. Moore (1996, Pg. 154) shows this when he says Such marriages, where the groom comes to live in the brides band, are called matrilocal. We will write a custom essay sample on Native American Gender Roles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Montagnais-Naskapi a hunting society, stated by Leacock(Pg. 21) had been matrilocal until the Europeans stepped in. The household either is of the nuclear type or is extended to include relatives of one or both parents (Dozier, 1971, Pg. 237). Depending on each tribes cultural orientations, the status and roles varied between men and women. Matrilneal and Matrilocal societies, women had a lot more power. Property, land, tools and housing belonged to them. Property was usually passed down from Mother to Daughter and the husband joined the womans band and family. In the Cherokee and Pueblo tribes, if a woman was unhappy with her spouse, she could simply toss his belongings from their home and that was that. Womens roles in the governing of the tribe was usually influential. The Iroquois Indians, the offices were kept within the maternal lineages. A group of matrons or the tribal matriarch nominated each delegate, briefed them and kept them up to date, so to speak, monitored them and also removed them from office, if needed. Still roles in place, the actual business of the tribe was still very much a mans affair. A Nation is not conquered until the hearts of its women are on the ground (Crow Dog, 1991). On the plains, where hunting and battles took the men away from home often, the men would return needing several days of rest and relaxation. Being exhausted from battle and fasting, they needed several days to recover. The women during this time went on with their daily activities prompting the pale faces to misinterpreted what they saw as industrious squaws and lazy braves, which was by far the case. In the South west and Southeast, men and women shared duties equally because the men didnt go out to battle like the men on the Plains did. Common Tasks Women had certain tasks that all of the tribes women were responsible for, no matter their location. The obvious, cleaning and maintaining of their home, tending to the children, gathering of plants and berries, pounding corn, cooking, making and repairing of clothing, packing and of course, unpacking. Most crafts like pottery, weaving, bead work and baskets were a womans responsibility also. On the Plains where hunting was in place, women often were responsible for the building of the homes, processing of the food, tanning of the hides and furs and most farming or food gathering which could be done. In the fishing tribes of the Northwest, the men built the house and helped with the fur and hides. But, in the Southwest the men did most of the farming, processing, house building, weaving and cloth making. In the Iroquois tribes women became a higher authority after the revolutionary war, and mens prestige went down due to losses and defeats on the battlefields, and lack of game to hunt. By the 19th century mothers played a greater role in approving partners for their kids and usually got custody in a split. Unlike earlier times where custody was always unknown if a split happened. In the Southwest tribes women were involved in tribal council meetings and usually got the final vote for whether to go to war or stay in peace. The Cherokee tribes had a woman they called the Beloved Woman in which they believed that the Great Spirit spoke through. Though he words were always heard, they werent always followed. She was still on the Council of Chiefs and had a lot of influence. She also used her status over prisoners and when she died, someone was chosen to replace her. Having just as much influence as the last Beloved Woman. The Cheyenne held women in high authority and best regards. They played a huge role in determining warfare and often fought alongside the men warriors in battle. When the warriors would return home, men and women, the women would often celebrate by dancing and flashing scalps of the fallen enemy. Roles in the Native American culture were very standard. Both men and women had their daily responsibilities and generally if one needed help, the women was the one who took on the added responsibilities. Though, all tribes had gender specific duties, some tribes gave what was generally considered a mans role, to a woman and in some tribes, men were doing what others saw as a womens role. But both men and women had tasks that were held in high authority and looked upon with best of regards. Today, we seem to want to break away from what is considered a gender role, giving equal roles to both men and women. We try to not place roles on a man because we feel it is a mans task and vice versa. We try to give equal responsibility to both sexes and generally all responsibilities are handled in the same fashion. Though, we are trending away from the typical gender roles, we still see roles being done by specific genders. Examples of this is men tend to be the bread winners and women the nurturers. Though there are exceptions to this rule, it still stands that women tend to be the nurturer and men the business. Property possession, power, inheritance and influence was generally based on whether a tribe was matrilineal (woman) or patrilineal (man). There were a ew tasks that all women and all men shared among the tribes, like women, cleaning, nurturing, gathering, cooking, packing, etc. and men, hunting, house building and battle. But, others varied by region and such variances in gender roles only show the diversity that existed among the Native Americans. References: Dozier, E. P. , (1971). The American Southwest. In Leacock, E. B. , Lurie, N. O. (Eds. ), North American India ns in Historical Perspective, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc. Moore, J. H. (1996). The Cheyenne. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, Inc. Mary Crow Dog. Lakota Woman. May 2001
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